{"id":29127,"date":"2025-06-07T16:04:56","date_gmt":"2025-06-07T15:04:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gnews.cz\/?p=29127"},"modified":"2025-06-11T17:25:09","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T16:25:09","slug":"je-cesky-volebni-system-bezpecny-ticha-zranitelnost-o-ktere-se-nemluvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/tema\/je-cesky-volebni-system-bezpecny-ticha-zranitelnost-o-ktere-se-nemluvi\/","title":{"rendered":"Je \u010desk\u00fd volebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m bezpe\u010dn\u00fd? Tich\u00e1 zranitelnost, o kter\u00e9 se (ne)mluv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika je tradi\u010dn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1na za stabiln\u00ed parlamentn\u00ed demokracii s volbami, kter\u00e9 jsou svobodn\u00e9 a konkurenceschopn\u00e9. P\u0159esto v\u0161ak existuje \u010d\u00e1st volebn\u00edho procesu, kter\u00e1 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 bez dostate\u010dn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 kontroly a otev\u00edr\u00e1 prostor pro zneu\u017eit\u00ed \u010di zpochybn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f \u2013 a tou je digit\u00e1ln\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed volebn\u00edch dat, v\u010detn\u011b z\u00e1vislosti na priv\u00e1tn\u00edch IT firm\u00e1ch a absenci transparentn\u00edho dohledu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdo zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 volebn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za sb\u011br a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f voleb v \u010cesku odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u010cesk\u00fd statistick\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad (\u010cS\u00da). Ten zaji\u0161\u0165uje zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f od jednotliv\u00fdch okrskov\u00fdch volebn\u00edch komis\u00ed a\u017e po fin\u00e1ln\u00ed zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed. Syst\u00e9m funguje tak, \u017ee komise ru\u010dn\u011b se\u010dte hlasy a v\u00fdsledek zad\u00e1 do softwaru, kter\u00fd p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed data do centr\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Tento syst\u00e9m je v\u0161ak z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti provozov\u00e1n prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm extern\u00edch neve\u0159ejn\u00fdch IT dodavatel\u016f \u2013 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed jm\u00e9na nejsou ve\u0159ejnosti b\u011b\u017en\u011b zn\u00e1ma, smlouvy nejsou standardn\u011b dostupn\u00e9 a neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd ve\u0159ejn\u00fd mechanismus kontroly softwarov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du, nebo\u0165 postup v\u00fdpo\u010dtu nen\u00ed open source, aby mohl b\u00fdt transparentn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skryt\u00e1 zranitelnost syst\u00e9mu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Z\u00e1vislost na soukrom\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch. Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed voleb je v n\u011bkter\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch outsourcov\u00e1no na soukrom\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj aplikac\u00ed, infrastrukturu i spr\u00e1vu server\u016f. Zat\u00edmco tento postup m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt technicky logick\u00fd, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u0159et z\u00e1jm\u016f, pokud by se n\u011bkter\u00fd z dodavatel\u016f dostal do kontaktu s politick\u00fdmi akt\u00e9ry, lobbisty nebo bezpe\u010dnostn\u011b rizikov\u00fdmi subjekty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 kontrola. Na rozd\u00edl od n\u011bkter\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00ed (nap\u0159. Estonska nebo \u0160v\u00fdcarska), kde je volebn\u00ed software open-source a podl\u00e9h\u00e1 audit\u016fm t\u0159et\u00edch stran, v \u010cR ve\u0159ejnost nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup ani k anonymizovan\u00fdm dataset\u016fm v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase, nato\u017e ke kontrole z\u00e1zem\u00ed IT \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Hrozby zven\u010d\u00ed. N\u00daKIB (N\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro kybernetickou a informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost) opakovan\u011b upozor\u0148uje na zv\u00fd\u0161enou aktivitu hackersk\u00fdch skupin p\u0159ed volbami. Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pokusy o naru\u0161en\u00ed IT syst\u00e9m\u016f \u010cS\u00da \u010di Ministerstva vnitra, a\u010dkoli zat\u00edm nebyly ofici\u00e1ln\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, nejsou v\u00fdjimkou \u2013 prob\u00edhaj\u00ed DDoS \u00fatoky, phishingov\u00e9 kampan\u011b a skenov\u00e1n\u00ed zranitelnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 hroz\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee fyzick\u00e9 volebn\u00ed l\u00edstky a manu\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed na okrskov\u00e9 \u00farovni poskytuj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pojistku proti fal\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161ina ve\u0159ejnosti si ji\u017e nekontroluje \u201ep\u0159enosovou f\u00e1zi\u201c, kde mohou nastat probl\u00e9my jako: p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed dat p\u0159i zad\u00e1n\u00ed, d\u00e1le zm\u011bna \u00fadaj\u016f p\u0159i p\u0159enosu do centr\u00e1ln\u00ed datab\u00e1ze, zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed publikace ur\u010dit\u00fdch okrsk\u016f a nakonec n\u00e1chylnost k \u201echybn\u00e9mu p\u0159epo\u010dtu\u201c \u010di z\u00e1m\u011bn\u011b stran. Ve volb\u00e1ch s t\u011bsn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem by i n\u011bkolik stovek manipulovan\u00fdch hlas\u016f mohlo p\u0159evr\u00e1tit v\u00fdsledek cel\u00e9ho kraje \u2013 a nikdo by to nebyl schopen nez\u00e1visle ov\u011b\u0159it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro\u010d se o tom m\u00e1lo mluv\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e9ma digit\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti voleb nen\u00ed pro mainstreamov\u00e1 m\u00e9dia p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 atraktivn\u00ed \u2013 a \u010dasto mu chyb\u00ed politick\u00e1 v\u016fle ze strany parlamentn\u00edch stran, proto\u017ee syst\u00e9m \u201efunguje\u201c a zpochybn\u011bn\u00ed jeho robustnosti m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako znev\u00e1\u017een\u00ed instituc\u00ed. Nav\u00edc: n\u011bkter\u00e1 m\u00e9dia maj\u00ed person\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo obchodn\u00ed vazby na dodavatele IT \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, \u017eurnalistick\u00e1 technick\u00e1 gramotnost na investigativn\u00ed \u00farovni b\u00fdv\u00e1 slab\u00e1, chyb\u00ed tlak ze strany ve\u0159ejnosti, kter\u00e1 se spokoj\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee volby \u201edopadly o\u010dek\u00e1van\u011b\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je volebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zmanipulovateln\u00fd?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neexistuje p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd d\u016fkaz o c\u00edlen\u00e9 manipulaci \u010desk\u00fdch voleb \u2013 ale existuje cel\u00e1 \u0159ada struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch nedostatk\u016f, kter\u00e9 by takov\u00e9 manipulaci mohly napomoci, pokud by byla v\u016fle. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, slabiny existuj\u00ed \u2013 a ti, kdo je znaj\u00ed, je mohou vyu\u017e\u00edt. A co s t\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee d\u011blat ve\u0159ejnost? M\u016f\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159et tlak na transparentnost, rozhodn\u011b po\u017eadovat, aby byl volebn\u00ed software open-source a auditovateln\u00fd a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b podporovat organizace, kter\u00e9 sleduj\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zak\u00e1zky a IT v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e1 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (nap\u0159. Hl\u00edda\u010d st\u00e1tu, Rekonstrukce st\u00e1tu). Ano, pr\u00e1v\u011b volebn\u00ed kontrola zdola je nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek tohoto procesu. M\u016f\u017eeme se zapojit do volebn\u00edch komis\u00ed, dokumentovat pr\u016fb\u011bh s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed a po\u0159izovat kopie protokol\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Datov\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 kontrola<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u011bli bychom podporovat zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed anonymizovan\u00fdch dat v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase, nap\u0159. p\u0159es API. V jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch to umo\u017e\u0148uje nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 p\u0159epo\u010dty i modelace. Podpora nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed je tak\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1. Sd\u00edlet kvalitn\u00ed investigaci, upozor\u0148ovat na mo\u017en\u00e9 st\u0159ety z\u00e1jm\u016f a podporovat m\u00e9dia, kter\u00e9 o t\u00e9matu informuj\u00ed bez cenzury. V \u010desk\u00e9m volebn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m v l\u00edstc\u00edch, ale v neviditeln\u00fdch k\u00f3dech, skriptech, smlouv\u00e1ch a algoritmech. A jakmile ztrat\u00edme d\u016fv\u011bru v to, co se d\u011bje \u201epo zad\u00e1n\u00ed hlasu do syst\u00e9mu\u201c, demokracie se st\u00e1v\u00e1 iluz\u00ed. Nikdy nen\u00ed pozd\u011b s t\u00edm n\u011bco ud\u011blat. Ale \u010das na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed reformu volebn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu n\u00e1m u\u017e tik\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

gnews.cz – GH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika je tradi\u010dn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1na za stabiln\u00ed parlamentn\u00ed demokracii s volbami, kter\u00e9 jsou svobodn\u00e9 a konkurenceschopn\u00e9. P\u0159esto v\u0161ak existuje \u010d\u00e1st volebn\u00edho procesu,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":29128,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2968,7,1,580],"tags":[45,3582,1007,10,17,2561,41],"class_list":["post-29127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-domaci","category-politika","category-tema","category-vyber-sefredaktora","tag-cr","tag-kontrola","tag-manipulace","tag-news","tag-top","tag-volby-2025","tag-world"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29127"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29127\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}