{"id":29858,"date":"2025-06-20T17:35:23","date_gmt":"2025-06-20T15:35:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gnews.cz\/?p=29858"},"modified":"2026-03-31T05:42:54","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T03:42:54","slug":"nefrit-ve-staroveke-cine-druhy-dil-posvatny-kamen-jako-zrcadlo-civilizace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/kultura\/nefrit-ve-staroveke-cine-druhy-dil-posvatny-kamen-jako-zrcadlo-civilizace\/","title":{"rendered":"Nefrit ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b \u2013 druh\u00fd d\u00edl: Posv\u00e1tn\u00fd k\u00e1men jako zrcadlo civilizace"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Nefrit \u2013 kr\u00e1sn\u00fd, h\u0159ejiv\u00fd a jemn\u00fd k\u00e1men \u2013 je po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00ed duchovn\u00ed hloubky a kulturn\u00ed kontinuity \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 civilizace. Druh\u00fd d\u00edl dokumentu <em>Nefrit ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b<\/em> zav\u00e1d\u00ed div\u00e1ka do \u010dty\u0159 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch archeologick\u00fdch lokalit, kde se ukazuje, jak d\u016fle\u017eitou roli nefrit sehr\u00e1val v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm i ob\u0159adn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, v architektu\u0159e, v\u00ed\u0159e i politick\u00e9 symbolice. Kamera sleduje nefritov\u00e9 artefakty, kter\u00e9 doslova formovaly zdi m\u011bst, chr\u00e1nily du\u0161e zem\u0159el\u00fdch a slou\u017eily jako odkazy k nebesk\u00e9mu \u0159\u00e1du.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video height=\"720\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 1280 \/ 720;\" width=\"1280\" controls src=\"https:\/\/www.gnews.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Nefrit-ve-staroveke-Cine-II.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u011bsta, m\u00fdty a moc nefritu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st dokumentu se zam\u011b\u0159uje na \u010dty\u0159i archeologick\u00e9 oblasti \u2013 Sanxingdui, Taosi, Shimao a Lingjiatan \u2013 z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd obraz toho, jak starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 kultury pracovaly s nefritem. V Sanxingdui, proslul\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b soch a masek, byl nefrit za\u010dlen\u011bn do mytologie \u2013 artefakt ve tvaru posv\u00e1tn\u00e9ho stromu nap\u0159\u00edklad ukazuje spojen\u00ed mezi zem\u00ed, nebem a podsv\u011bt\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V Taosi se nefrit stal osobn\u00ed ozdobou i n\u00e1strojem moci. Archeologov\u00e9 zde objevili stopy astronomick\u00fdch observato\u0159\u00ed, kde p\u0159edm\u011bty z nefritu slou\u017eily p\u0159i ob\u0159adech i k ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed ochran\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shimao, rozlehl\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 m\u011bsto, p\u0159ekvapilo sv\u011btem t\u00edm, \u017ee byly do jeho hradeb vsazeny tis\u00edce kousk\u016f nefritu \u2013 z\u0159ejm\u011b s c\u00edlem ochr\u00e1nit m\u011bsto p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi silami. Ne\u0161lo p\u0159itom o dekoraci, ale o duchovn\u00ed funkci zabudovanou p\u0159\u00edmo do architektury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V Lingjiatanu se dosahuje mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 technick\u00e9 i symbolick\u00e9 vysp\u011blosti. Vedle p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsk\u016f, masek a ob\u0159adn\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f zde byly nalezeny slo\u017eit\u00e9 kompozice s astronomick\u00fdmi motivy. V jednom z hrob\u016f byla t\u011bla oblo\u017eena nefritov\u00fdmi artefakty tak, \u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159ela tvar lidsk\u00e9 postavy \u2013 obraz v\u00edry v p\u0159echod do posmrtn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dynastie, kter\u00e9 pokra\u010dovaly v odkazu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st dokumentu sleduje v\u00fdvoj pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nefritu ve slavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dynasti\u00edch \u2013 Xia, Shang, Zhou a Chan. Artefakty jako <em>Yazhang<\/em> (zoubkovan\u00fd ob\u0159adn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj) nebo ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00fdky se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed znaky autority a moci. V obdob\u00ed v\u00e1l\u010d\u00edc\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f byly p\u0159edm\u011bty z nefritu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed smluv \u2013 l\u00e1maly se nap\u016fl a jednotliv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti symbolizovaly v\u011brnost a z\u00e1vazek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Za dynastie Chan doch\u00e1z\u00ed k vrcholu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed nefritu. Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je slavn\u00fd poh\u0159ebn\u00ed oblek z v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159 tis\u00edc nefritov\u00fdch desti\u010dek, spojen\u00fdch zlatou nit\u00ed \u2013 symbol touhy po nesmrtelnosti. Dokument se tak\u00e9 v\u011bnuje pe\u010det\u00edm, kter\u00e9 byly vyr\u00e1b\u011bny z toho nej\u010dist\u0161\u00edho nefritu, a jejich\u017e v\u00fdznam p\u0159esahoval b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed \u2013 \u0161lo o znak bo\u017esk\u00e9ho opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed vl\u00e1dnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nefrit se v tomto d\u00edle ukazuje nejen jako materi\u00e1l obdivovan\u00e9 kr\u00e1sy, ale jako duchovn\u00ed m\u00e9dium, kter\u00e9 propojovalo minulost, p\u0159\u00edtomnost i posmrtn\u00fd sv\u011bt. Dokument v\u00fdmluvn\u011b ukazuje, jak se nefrit stal sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 vrstvy \u017eivota \u2013 od chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch ceremoni\u00ed po v\u00fdstavbu m\u011bst \u2013 a pro\u010d je jeho symbolika v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e \u017eiv\u00e1 dodnes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nevid\u011bli jste prvn\u00ed d\u00edl? Pod\u00edvat se m\u016f\u017eete zde: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/kultura\/nefrit-ve-staroveke-cine-prvni-dil-kamen-s-dusi-staroveku\/\" title=\"\">Nefrit ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b \u2013 prvn\u00ed d\u00edl \u00bb<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/czech.cgtn.com\/2025\/05\/30\/ARTI1748611155065111\/\" title=\"\">CMG<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nefrit \u2013 kr\u00e1sn\u00fd, h\u0159ejiv\u00fd a jemn\u00fd k\u00e1men \u2013 je po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00ed duchovn\u00ed hloubky a kulturn\u00ed kontinuity \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 civilizace. Druh\u00fd&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29435,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6,550],"tags":[6590,3697,84,22,3318,18,3621,12044,3698,12045,74,2666,3696,3699,3700,17],"class_list":["post-29858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura","category-videa","tag-archeologie","tag-artefakt","tag-asie","tag-cina","tag-civilizace","tag-cmg","tag-dokument","tag-dokumentarni-film","tag-duse","tag-histore","tag-kultura","tag-nefrit","tag-posvatny-kamen","tag-staroveka-cina","tag-symbolika","tag-top"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29858","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29858"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29858\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43103,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29858\/revisions\/43103"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29858"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29858"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}