{"id":29866,"date":"2025-06-21T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-21T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gnews.cz\/?p=29866"},"modified":"2025-06-23T09:36:14","modified_gmt":"2025-06-23T07:36:14","slug":"divadlo-nejenom-bavi-ale-za-jistych-okolnosti-i-leci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/tema\/divadlo-nejenom-bavi-ale-za-jistych-okolnosti-i-leci\/","title":{"rendered":"Divadlo nejenom bav\u00ed, ale za jist\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed i l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s ch\u00e1pe divadlo jako prostor pro p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, emoci a setk\u00e1n\u00ed. Pozoruhodn\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit i jako n\u00e1stroj hlubok\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed prom\u011bny. Teatroterapie \u2013 tedy terapeutick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce s prvky divadla \u2013 se st\u00e1v\u00e1 v \u010desk\u00e9m zdravotnictv\u00ed \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojem v p\u00e9\u010di o du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Divadeln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce m\u016f\u017ee pacienta dov\u00e9st tam, kam by se jinak neodv\u00e1\u017eil, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Doc. Ing. Mgr. Irena \u017dantovsk\u00e1, Ph.D., renomovan\u00e1 divadeln\u00ed a rozhlasov\u00e1 re\u017eis\u00e9rka, pedago\u017eka a teatrolo\u017eka, kter\u00e1 se posledn\u00ed roky v\u011bnuje t\u00e9to specifick\u00e9 form\u011b terapie v Centru du\u0161evn\u00ed rehabilitace v Beroun\u011b. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm rozhovoru n\u00e1m p\u0159ibli\u017euje, co teatroterapie obn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, jak konkr\u00e9tn\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 lidem s du\u0161evn\u00edmi obt\u00ed\u017eemi, i jak\u00e9 prom\u011bny u sv\u00fdch pacient\u016f pozoruje. P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed pohled na to, jak se um\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t cestou k uzdraven\u00ed \u2013 ti\u0161e, ale s hlubok\u00fdm dopadem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pan\u00ed docentko, teatroterapie nen\u00ed pojem, kter\u00fd by se b\u011b\u017en\u011b sklo\u0148oval v ka\u017edodenn\u00ed konverzaci\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teatroterapie pat\u0159\u00ed mezi z\u00e1\u017eitkov\u00e9 terapie a vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se p\u0159i n\u00ed principy divadeln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, hereck\u00e9ho ztv\u00e1r\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed dramatick\u00fdch text\u016f. Pracujeme jak s p\u016fvodn\u00edmi divadeln\u00edmi texty (Moli\u00e9re, Goldoni atd.), tak i sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi autory. A ob\u010das p\u0159ipravuji i vlastn\u00ed dramatizace prozaick\u00fdch text\u016f, nap\u0159. Mal\u00e9ho prince.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak se teatroterapie li\u0161\u00ed od jin\u00fdch um\u011bleck\u00fdch nebo terapeutick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm t\u00edm, \u017ee pacient\u016fm nab\u00edz\u00ed pr\u00e1ci ve skupin\u011b, v kolektivu, se spole\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem. T\u00edm je vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 divadeln\u00ed inscenace a jej\u00ed prezentace p\u0159ed ostatn\u00edmi pacienty a zdravotnick\u00fdm person\u00e1lem. Pacienti se tedy v r\u00e1mci tohoto kolektivn\u00edho za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nekoncentruj\u00ed na vlastn\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd si l\u00e9\u010debn\u011b \u0159e\u0161\u00ed, ale naopak vystupuj\u00ed \u201ez reality\u201c a vstupuj\u00ed do nov\u00fdch postav a situac\u00ed. To jim m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st – oproti ostatn\u00edm druh\u016fm arteterapie – jin\u00fd druh sebepozn\u00e1n\u00ed, emocion\u00e1ln\u00edho pro\u017eitku a prostor pro rozvoj vlastn\u00ed kreativity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u016f\u017eete uv\u00e9st konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad, kdy teatroterapie opravdu v\u00fdrazn\u011b n\u011bkomu pomohla?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je jich cel\u00e1 \u0159ada. Ale kup\u0159\u00edkladu jsem m\u011bla pacientku, kter\u00e1 trp\u011bla silnou \u00fazkost\u00ed ze soci\u00e1ln\u00ed interakce. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku odm\u00edtala b\u00fdt s ostatn\u00edmi na jevi\u0161ti, tak jsem j\u00ed napsala roli vyprav\u011b\u010dky. I p\u0159i zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch si sedala o n\u011bkolik \u0159ad d\u00e1l od skupiny. Ale b\u011bhem procesu se postupn\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017eovala \u2013 a nakonec st\u00e1la p\u0159i d\u011bkova\u010dce v jedn\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b s ostatn\u00edmi. Ten moment vn\u00edmala jako sv\u016fj velk\u00fd osobn\u00ed posun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pracujete v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed metodiky teatroterapie, nebo si vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edte vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teatroterapie vych\u00e1z\u00ed obecn\u011b z metodiky a p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f divadeln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, co\u017e j\u00e1 jako teatrolog vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m a p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159\u00edm pro pot\u0159eby pr\u00e1ce s pacienty. J\u00e1 si sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edstup metodicky modifikuji jednak podle za\u017eit\u00e9 praxe v pr\u00e1ci s pacienty, a tak\u00e9 podle konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch skupin pacient\u016f, jim\u017e vyb\u00edr\u00e1m a p\u0159ipravuji texty tzv. na m\u00edru. Postupn\u011b tuto praktickou zku\u0161enost p\u0159etavuji v teoretickou metodiku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle \u010deho vyb\u00edr\u00e1te t\u00e9mata nebo formu inscenac\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inscenaci p\u0159ipravujeme s pacienty psychoterapeutick\u00e9ho odd\u011blen\u00ed a jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprava trv\u00e1 6 t\u00fddn\u016f. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku se v\u017edy mus\u00edm d\u016fkladn\u011b sezn\u00e1mit se slo\u017een\u00edm skupiny, s v\u011bkov\u00fdm rozlo\u017een\u00edm a po\u010dty mu\u017e\u016f a \u017een. Tak\u00e9 s jejich diagn\u00f3zami, obt\u00ed\u017eemi a mo\u017enostmi. Existuj\u00ed pacienti, pro n\u011b\u017e je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 v\u016fbec vyj\u00edt na jevi\u0161t\u011b, ale jsou i tac\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed nesporn\u00fd hereck\u00fd talent, dokonce i profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed zku\u0161enosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry ponech\u00e1v\u00e1te pacient\u016fm prostor k vlastn\u00ed tvorb\u011b a improvizaci?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pacienti se zapojuj\u00ed podle sv\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed a zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Velmi \u010dasto pod m\u00fdm veden\u00edm samostatn\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed nap\u0159. vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed slo\u017eku p\u0159edstaven\u00ed, videodot\u00e1\u010dky atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Emoce ale n\u011bkdy mohou p\u0159et\u00e9ct. Co kdy\u017e se otev\u0159e n\u011bco t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krizov\u00e9 momenty samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed k na\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. Je t\u0159eba je vn\u00edmat jako sou\u010d\u00e1st pro\u017eitku cel\u00e9 skupiny. Ka\u017ed\u00fd pacient je specifick\u00fd v tom, \u017ee p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v trochu jin\u00e9m du\u0161evn\u00edm rozpolo\u017een\u00ed a tak\u00e9 s jin\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm energie a s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee do pr\u00e1ce vlo\u017eit. St\u00e1le se u\u010d\u00edm vn\u00edmat individu\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017enosti jednotlivc\u016f a p\u0159ipravit si a rozvrhnout pr\u00e1ci tak, abychom ve skupin\u011b probl\u00e9m\u016fm p\u0159edch\u00e1zeli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spolupracujete p\u0159i tom s odborn\u00edky \u2013 psychology, psychiatry?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, prim\u00e1rn\u011b jako teatrolog se mus\u00edm op\u00edrat o po\u017eadavky, zad\u00e1n\u00ed i omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 stanovuj\u00ed psychiat\u0159i a psychologov\u00e9. Pravideln\u011b se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edm pr\u00e1ce na odd\u011blen\u00ed, pr\u016fb\u011bhu porad, v\u0161e konzultuji a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m rad koleg\u016f l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f a psycholog\u016f. Je to t\u00fdmov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i divadeln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci k odhalen\u00ed n\u011b\u010deho hlub\u0161\u00edho, co b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 terapie neodhal\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Divadeln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti pro seberealizaci, otev\u00edr\u00e1 prostor pro seberozvoj a m\u016f\u017ee pacienta – herce z\u00e1stupnou metodou hran\u00ed role dov\u00e9st a\u017e do m\u00edst, kam by se jinak neodv\u00e1\u017eil. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b bylo zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 sledovat nap\u0159\u00edklad prom\u011bnu t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed v civiln\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b vystupuj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161 submisivn\u011b a pak n\u00e1hle hraj\u00ed postavy r\u00e1zn\u00e9 a rozhodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 terapeutick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednosy teatroterapie vn\u00edm\u00e1te jako nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jako zp\u011btnou vazbu nech\u00e1v\u00e1m v\u0161em pacient\u016fm zpracovat dotazn\u00edk i jako reflexi zku\u0161enosti z t\u00e9to formy pr\u00e1ce, a z tohoto \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed mi vych\u00e1z\u00ed, \u017ee pacienti oce\u0148uj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na mo\u017enost vyzkou\u0161et si hr\u00e1t ciz\u00ed postavu, \u017ee se jim zvy\u0161uje sebev\u011bdom\u00ed po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m vystoupen\u00ed. Oce\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee maj\u00ed mo\u017enost na jevi\u0161ti kooperovat s partnery. Pro mnoh\u00e9 je \u00fasp\u011bchem u\u017e jen to, \u017ee neodejdou, zkou\u0161en\u00ed dokon\u010d\u00ed a p\u0159ed div\u00e1ky vystoup\u00ed, a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b oce\u0148uj\u00ed i rela\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011brem: Jste zn\u00e1m\u00e1 re\u017eis\u00e9rka a pedago\u017eka. Co v\u00e1s p\u0159ivedlo pr\u00e1v\u011b k t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ci v Centru du\u0161evn\u00ed rehabilitace?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu dosavadn\u00edho profesn\u00edho \u017eivota v oboru divadeln\u00ed re\u017eie jsem realizovala kolem 80 p\u0159edstaven\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1nrech (\u010dinohra, opera, balet) v r\u016fzn\u00fdch divadlech, v\u010detn\u011b N\u00e1rodn\u00edho v Praze, Brn\u011b i Ostrav\u011b. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku m\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry m\u011b zaj\u00edmalo hlavn\u011b m\u00e9 osobn\u00ed um\u011bleck\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed. Pozd\u011bji jsem se v\u011bnovala v\u00fdzkumu divadeln\u00edho publika a tomu, co divadlo sv\u00fdm div\u00e1k\u016fm p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. A nyn\u00ed v dal\u0161\u00ed profesn\u00ed f\u00e1zi zji\u0161\u0165uji, jak m\u016f\u017ee divadlo obohacovat a m\u011bnit i ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se mu v\u011bnuj\u00ed, a to i souvislostech t\u0159eba ne\u010dekan\u00fdch nebo m\u00e9n\u011b obvykl\u00fdch. Zkr\u00e1tka, jak se ukazuje, um\u011bn\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee leckoho i \u201el\u00e9\u010dit\u201c a l\u00e9\u010dba um\u011bn\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nazna\u010den\u00edm mo\u017en\u00e9 cesty vp\u0159ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ivan \u010cern\u00fd<\/strong>
Foto archiv a Robert Vano<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s ch\u00e1pe divadlo jako prostor pro p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, emoci a setk\u00e1n\u00ed. Pozoruhodn\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit i jako n\u00e1stroj hlubok\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":29870,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2968,6,2,1,580,8,5],"tags":[45,77,10,17,41,3702],"class_list":["post-29866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-domaci","category-kultura","category-rozhovory","category-tema","category-vyber-sefredaktora","category-zabava","category-zdravy-styl","tag-cr","tag-divadlo","tag-news","tag-top","tag-world","tag-zantovska"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29866","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29866"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29866\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29866"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29866"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}