{"id":30239,"date":"2025-07-01T11:02:44","date_gmt":"2025-07-01T09:02:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gnews.cz\/?p=30239"},"modified":"2025-07-01T11:03:54","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T09:03:54","slug":"od-unipolarity-k-multipolarite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/neprehlednete\/od-unipolarity-k-multipolarite\/","title":{"rendered":"Od unipolarity k multipolarit\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Vzpom\u00edn\u00e1te si na po\u010d\u00e1tek 90. let? V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se na kr\u00e1tk\u00fd, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 oslniv\u00fd okam\u017eik zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee sv\u011bt m\u00e1 jasn\u00fd sm\u011br. Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz se pr\u00e1v\u011b rozpadl a Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se n\u00e1hle staly nespornou velmoc\u00ed na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ji dokonce naz\u00fdvali \u201ehypervelmoc\u00ed\u201c. Zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee vstupujeme do unipol\u00e1rn\u00edho obdob\u00ed \u2013 kdy o v\u0161em rozhoduje jedin\u00fd hlavn\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existovala velk\u00e1 idea, \u201ewashingtonsk\u00fd konsensus\u201c, slibuj\u00edc\u00ed budoucnost, ve kter\u00e9 v\u0161ichni p\u0159ijmou liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracii, voln\u00fd trh a v z\u00e1sad\u011b budou n\u00e1sledovat veden\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edch instituc\u00ed veden\u00fdch Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Pro mnoho lid\u00ed na Z\u00e1pad\u011b to vypadalo, jako by historie dosp\u011bla ke sv\u00e9mu posledn\u00edmu kapitole. To bylo v\u0161e. Konec hry. Vyhr\u00e1li jsme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ale v\u00edte co? Ten \u201eunipol\u00e1rn\u00ed moment\u201c je u\u017e d\u00e1vno pry\u010d. Je pevn\u011b v zp\u011btn\u00e9m zrc\u00e1tku. I kdy\u017e USA m\u011bly jist\u011b obrovsk\u00fd vliv, ten syst\u00e9m prost\u011b nedok\u00e1zal zvl\u00e1dnout \u0161\u00edlenou slo\u017eitost na\u0161eho superpropojen\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Tak\u00e9 zcela p\u0159ehl\u00e9dl, jak siln\u00fd nacionalismus z\u016fstane a jak moc cht\u011bj\u00ed ostatn\u00ed velk\u00e9 zem\u011b vlastn\u00ed vliv.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kde tedy jsme te\u010f? Z\u0159eteln\u011b se posouv\u00e1me k multipol\u00e1rn\u00edmu sv\u011btu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1me n\u011bkolik center moci a vlivu, kter\u00e1 se objevuj\u00ed a prosazuj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b, ne jen jedno dominantn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Pro\u010d se to d\u011bje? Existuje n\u011bkolik hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pen\u00edze a technologie, ekonomick\u00fd vzestup \u010c\u00edny je neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fd a ohro\u017euje starou z\u00e1padn\u00ed dominanci. Nav\u00edc technologick\u00e9 inovace \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence, 5G a biotechnologie \u2013 se ji\u017e neodehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze v USA. \u0160\u00ed\u0159\u00ed se a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed nov\u00e9 oblasti, ve kter\u00fdch zem\u011b sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed a spolupracuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geopolitika:<\/strong> region\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnosti s\u00edl\u00ed a dokonce i ve zaveden\u00fdch zem\u00edch se vrac\u00ed nacionalismus. To v\u0161e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k fragmentaci glob\u00e1ln\u00ed autority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Instituce: <\/strong>i m\u00edsta jako OSN, kter\u00e1 byla d\u0159\u00edve siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bna Z\u00e1padem, \u010del\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016fm rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se ekonomik na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv a reformy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Co pro n\u00e1s tato zm\u011bna znamen\u00e1? Je to obrovsk\u00e1 zm\u011bna. Dny, kdy jedna supervelmoc mohla d\u011blat prakticky cokoli, co cht\u011bla, jsou pry\u010d. Zamyslete se nad velk\u00fdmi glob\u00e1ln\u00edmi probl\u00e9my, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00edme \u2013 zm\u011bna klimatu, pandemie, jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krize.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Tyto v\u011bci vy\u017eaduj\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci, kterou jedna dominantn\u00ed mocnost jen t\u011b\u017eko prosadila, a kter\u00e1 je nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e je do hry zapojeno v\u00edce hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f, je\u0161t\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. U\u017e nem\u016f\u017eeme automaticky p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee z\u00e1jmy jedn\u00e9 zem\u011b jsou automaticky nejlep\u0161\u00ed pro v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed. Nyn\u00ed jde sp\u00ed\u0161e o st\u0159et n\u00e1rodn\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f, p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se sf\u00e9ry vlivu a neust\u00e1lou pot\u0159ebu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kompromis\u016f a pe\u010dliv\u00e9ho vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mnoho lid\u00ed nyn\u00ed tento nov\u00fd sv\u011bt vykresluje jako recept na katastrofu \u2013 neust\u00e1l\u00e9 boje mezi velmocemi, nekone\u010dn\u00e1 nestabilita. A ano, rizika jsou rozhodn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Chybn\u00e9 odhady a proxy v\u00e1lky jsou re\u00e1ln\u00fdmi nebezpe\u010d\u00edmi. Ale multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed sv\u011bt nen\u00ed automaticky \u0161patn\u00fdm m\u00edstem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud s n\u00edm budeme dob\u0159e zach\u00e1zet, m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1m otev\u0159\u00edt nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti. Nut\u00ed n\u00e1s uv\u011bdomit si, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zem\u011b nem\u00e1 v\u0161echny odpov\u011bdi. Podporuje dialog a diplomacii \u2013 nejen mezi velmocemi, ale i za \u00fa\u010dasti men\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed a region\u00e1ln\u00edch skupin. Existence v\u00edce center moci m\u016f\u017ee dokonce v\u00e9st k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed inovativnosti a odolnosti, proto\u017ee r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1rody zkou\u0161ej\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m st\u00e1v\u00e1 dynami\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm (i kdy\u017e tak\u00e9 nestabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Jak se tedy v t\u00e9to situaci orientovat? Vy\u017eaduje to skute\u010dnou zm\u011bnu v na\u0161em my\u0161len\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pro zemi, kter\u00e1 b\u00fdvala jedinou supervelmoc\u00ed. Znamen\u00e1 to b\u00fdt skromn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, skute\u010dn\u011b naslouchat a rozum\u011bt r\u016fzn\u00fdm n\u00e1zor\u016fm a uznat, \u017ee vliv pramen\u00ed ze spolupr\u00e1ce a z toho, \u017ee se uk\u00e1\u017eete jako dobr\u00fd partner, a ne jen z toho, \u017ee jste dominantn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Pro zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 jsou na vzestupu, to znamen\u00e1 p\u0159evz\u00edt odpov\u011bdnost, dodr\u017eovat (a pom\u00e1hat utv\u00e1\u0159et) mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pravidla a soust\u0159edit se na dlouhodobou stabilitu, nikoli jen na rychl\u00e9 zisky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaheer Alam<\/strong>, P\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e1 asociace novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

gnews.cz – GH<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vzpom\u00edn\u00e1te si na po\u010d\u00e1tek 90. let? V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se na kr\u00e1tk\u00fd, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 oslniv\u00fd okam\u017eik zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee sv\u011bt m\u00e1 jasn\u00fd sm\u011br. Sov\u011btsk\u00fd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":30240,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,7,2973],"tags":[22,1523,2085,1670,1686,3769,219,455],"class_list":["post-30239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-neprehlednete","category-politika","category-zahranicni","tag-cina","tag-diplomacie","tag-geopolitika","tag-globalizace","tag-globalni-jih","tag-pakistanska-asociace-novinaru","tag-technologie","tag-zapad"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30239","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30239"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30239\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}