{"id":35866,"date":"2025-10-14T21:11:58","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T19:11:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gnews.cz\/?p=35866"},"modified":"2025-10-14T21:12:06","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T19:12:06","slug":"protesty-mladeze-doveli-madagaskar-v-zemi-k-prevratu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/tema\/protesty-mladeze-doveli-madagaskar-v-zemi-k-prevratu\/","title":{"rendered":"Protesty ml\u00e1de\u017ee doveli Madagaskar v zemi k p\u0159evratu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>HARARE, 14. \u0159\u00edjna. Doln\u00ed komora madagaskarsk\u00e9ho parlamentu hlasovala pro odvol\u00e1n\u00ed prezidenta Andryho Rajoeliny z moci v dob\u011b, kdy na ostrov\u011b zu\u0159\u00ed protesty ml\u00e1de\u017ee. Kr\u00e1tce po hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00e1 skupina veden\u00e1 plukovn\u00edkem Michaelem Randrianirinou, kter\u00e1 protestuj\u00edc\u00ed podporuje, ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee se uj\u00edm\u00e1 moci a rozpou\u0161t\u00ed v\u0161echny p\u0159edchoz\u00ed vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed org\u00e1ny.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Obecn\u00e9 informace o zemi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Madagaskarsk\u00e1 republika je ostrovn\u00ed st\u00e1t v Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu u jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Afriky. Rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 se na plo\u0161e 587 300 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch (\u010dtvrt\u00fd nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ostrov na sv\u011bt\u011b). B\u00fdval\u00e1 kolonie Francie, nez\u00e1vislost vyhl\u00e1sila v roce 1960. Hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem je Antananarivo. \u00da\u0159edn\u00edmi jazyky jsou malga\u0161tina a francouz\u0161tina. Celkov\u00e1 populace je 30,3 milionu lid\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161ina jsou malga\u0161\u0161t\u00ed. Hlavn\u00edmi skupinami v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch jsou stoupenci tradi\u010dn\u00edch m\u00edstn\u00edch p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed a k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9. Podle \u00fastavy z roku 2010 je Madagaskar prezidentskou republikou. OSN ji \u0159ad\u00ed mezi nejm\u00e9n\u011b rozvinut\u00e9 zem\u011b, zat\u00edmco Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka ji \u0159ad\u00ed mezi zem\u011b s nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjmem na obyvatele (510 dolar\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b, 2024).<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Prezident Andry Rajoelina<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Andry Rajoelina (narozen v roce 1974) zast\u00e1v\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed funkci od ledna 2019. Nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, v ml\u00e1d\u00ed pracoval jako DJ v klubech hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta, zab\u00fdval se organizac\u00ed hudebn\u00edch akc\u00ed a reklamn\u00edm byznysem. Pro svou asertivitu a energii, kterou pozd\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edval ve sv\u00fdch politick\u00fdch kampan\u00edch, byl p\u0159ezd\u00edv\u00e1n TGV (z francouzsk\u00e9ho \u201erychlovlak\u201c). V roce 2007 byl zvolen starostou Antananarivu. V roce 2009 vedl opozici proti prezidentu Marcu Ravalomananovi, kter\u00fd na\u0159\u00eddil uzav\u0159en\u00ed televizn\u00edho kan\u00e1lu vlastn\u011bn\u00e9ho Rajoelinou. Toto m\u00e9dium poskytlo b\u00fdval\u00e9mu prezidentovi Didieru Ratsirakovi platformu pro kritiku \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f. Kdy\u017e se arm\u00e1da postavila na stranu Rajoeliny, Marc Ravalomanana souhlasil s rezignac\u00ed a opustil zemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>V roce 2009 se Rajoelina stal p\u0159edsedou Vysok\u00e9 p\u0159echodn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy a stal se jednou z nejmlad\u0161\u00edch aktivn\u00edch hlav st\u00e1t\u016f (36 let). Tuto funkci zast\u00e1val a\u017e do roku 2014. B\u011bhem tohoto obdob\u00ed zem\u011b p\u0159ijala opat\u0159en\u00ed k boji proti chudob\u011b, realizovala n\u011bkolik infrastrukturn\u00edch projekt\u016f a p\u0159ijala \u00fastavu. V roce 2013 mu v\u0161ak soud pozastavil \u00fa\u010dast v prezidentsk\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch jako v\u016fdci pu\u010de. V roce 2018 se Rajoelina vr\u00e1til do politiky, z\u00fa\u010dastnil se voleb a ve druh\u00e9m kole porazil Ravalomananu se ziskem 55,7 % hlas\u016f. V listopadu 2023 byl znovu zvolen (58,9 %). B\u011bhem jeho p\u016fsoben\u00ed u moci se HDP Madagaskaru zv\u00fd\u0161il z 13,8 miliardy dolar\u016f v roce 2018 na 17,4 miliardy dolar\u016f v roce 2024. Ekonomika vzrostla o 4,2 %, inflace dos\u00e1hla 7,6 % a nezam\u011bstnanost v roce 2024 3 %.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Krize roku 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na konci z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vypukly na Madagaskaru protesty ml\u00e1de\u017ee. Organiz\u00e1to\u0159i akc\u00ed (naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed se \u201eGenerace Z\u201c) zpo\u010d\u00e1tku uvedli, \u017ee protestuj\u00ed proti nedostatku elekt\u0159iny a vody. Jejich \u010diny v\u0161ak brzy p\u0159erostly v pogromy a rabov\u00e1n\u00ed (podle p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f dos\u00e1hly \u0161kody na ekonomice ostrova p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 milion\u016f dolar\u016f, nejm\u00e9n\u011b 22 lid\u00ed bylo zabito, v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 zran\u011bno) a mezi po\u017eadavky se za\u010dala objevovat rezignace prezidenta a vl\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Rajoelina prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee je p\u0159ipraven k dialogu. 29. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed odvolal vl\u00e1du Christiana Ntsaye a sestavil kabinet n\u00e1rodn\u00ed jednoty. 8. \u0159\u00edjna svolal \u201en\u00e1rodn\u00ed konferenci \u017eivotaschopn\u00fdch sil Madagaskaru\u201c \u2013 konzultace se z\u00e1stupci politick\u00fdch sil, podnikatelsk\u00fdch l\u00eddr\u016f a ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch organizac\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b 13. \u0159\u00edjna Rajoelina uprchl ze zem\u011b s odvol\u00e1n\u00edm na pokusy o atent\u00e1t. Ve stejn\u00fd den za\u010dali poslanci N\u00e1rodn\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, doln\u00ed komory parlamentu, sb\u00edrat podpisy pod z\u00e1\u0161titou svol\u00e1n\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho zased\u00e1n\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem odvol\u00e1n\u00ed prezidenta a opozice zah\u00e1jila jedn\u00e1n\u00ed se zam\u011bstnanci ministerstev a odd\u011blen\u00ed a nal\u00e9hala na n\u011b, aby toto hnut\u00ed podpo\u0159ili.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Dne 14. \u0159\u00edjna Rajoelina rozpustil N\u00e1rodn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed. Shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed ozna\u010dilo toto rozhodnut\u00ed za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9. Svolala se mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 sch\u016fze sn\u011bmovny, kter\u00e1 prezidenta odvolala 130 hlasy ze 131 p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch (celkem je 163 poslanc\u016f; podle \u00fastavy jsou k odvol\u00e1n\u00ed prezidenta pot\u0159eba 2\/3 hlas\u016f). Prezident prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee zased\u00e1n\u00ed je pr\u00e1vn\u011b neplatn\u00e9. Kr\u00e1tce po hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed plukovn\u00edk Michael Randrianirina z CAPSAT, elitn\u00ed jednotky, kter\u00e1 pomohla Rajoelinovi uchopit moc p\u0159i p\u0159evratu v roce 2009, ozn\u00e1mil v celost\u00e1tn\u00edm rozhlase rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech vl\u00e1dn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f s v\u00fdjimkou N\u00e1rodn\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159echodn\u00fdch struktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"14\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/tass.com\/world\/2029687\" title=\"\">TASS<\/a>\/gnews.cz-jav<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>HARARE, 14. \u0159\u00edjna. Doln\u00ed komora madagaskarsk\u00e9ho parlamentu hlasovala pro odvol\u00e1n\u00ed prezidenta Andryho Rajoeliny z moci v dob\u011b, kdy na ostrov\u011b zu\u0159\u00ed protesty&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":35867,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,1,580,2973],"tags":[6489,6488,6491,10,6490,17,41],"class_list":["post-35866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politika","category-tema","category-vyber-sefredaktora","category-zahranicni","tag-andry-rajoel","tag-madagaskar","tag-narodniho-shromazdeni","tag-news","tag-puc","tag-top","tag-world"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35866","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35866"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35866\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35866"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35866"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}