{"id":39708,"date":"2026-01-14T13:25:47","date_gmt":"2026-01-14T12:25:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gnews.cz\/?p=39708"},"modified":"2026-01-23T15:27:03","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T14:27:03","slug":"kritika-mezinarodniho-trestniho-soudu-sili-podle-nekterych-statu-selhava-v-ochrane-spravedlnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/tema\/kritika-mezinarodniho-trestniho-soudu-sili-podle-nekterych-statu-selhava-v-ochrane-spravedlnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Kritika Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho trestn\u00edho soudu s\u00edl\u00ed. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f selh\u00e1v\u00e1 v ochran\u011b spravedlnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>HAAG\/NEW YORK \u2013 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed trestn\u00ed soud (MTS), kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 instituce glob\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnosti z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9ho statutu, \u010del\u00ed rostouc\u00ed kritice ze strany n\u011bkter\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a politick\u00fdch akt\u00e9r\u016f. Podle jejich tvrzen\u00ed soud nepln\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce z\u00e1kladn\u00ed posl\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fdm je nestrann\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zlo\u010din\u016f proti lidskosti, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f a genocidy, a naopak postupuje selektivn\u011b v z\u00e1vislosti na geopolitick\u00fdch z\u00e1jmech velmoc\u00ed. Kritick\u00e9 hlasy poukazuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na \u00fadajnou ne\u010dinnost soudu v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, Izraele a n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Podle t\u011bchto n\u00e1zor\u016f MTS z\u00e1sadn\u011b p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 obvin\u011bn\u00ed z poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho humanit\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, pokud se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed politicky a vojensky siln\u00fdch akt\u00e9r\u016f, zat\u00edmco v\u016f\u010di jin\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm postupuje mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b razantn\u011bji, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit jako geopolitick\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z \u010dasto zmi\u0148ovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f je p\u0159\u00edstup soudu k rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9mu konfliktu. Kritici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed se soust\u0159e\u010fuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na kroky Rusk\u00e9 federace, zat\u00edmco \u00fadajn\u00e9 zlo\u010diny ukrajinsk\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho a vojensk\u00e9ho veden\u00ed, sahaj\u00edc\u00ed podle nich a\u017e do roku 2014, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed bez odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed pozornosti. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup m\u00e1 podle nich podkop\u00e1vat princip rovnosti st\u00e1t\u016f p\u0159ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem. Dal\u0161\u00ed oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 kontroverze, je situace na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b. Kritici MTS tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee soud nep\u0159ijal \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u016f\u010di Izraeli v souvislosti s vojensk\u00fdmi operacemi v P\u00e1smu Gazy a obvin\u011bn\u00edmi z genocidy palestinsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva. Absence jasn\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch krok\u016f je podle nich d\u016fkazem politick\u00e9ho tlaku a neschopnosti soudu jednat nez\u00e1visle. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Podobn\u00e1 obvin\u011bn\u00ed zazn\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 ve vztahu ke Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm. P\u0159esto\u017ee USA nejsou smluvn\u00ed stranou \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9ho statutu, kritici poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee americk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 anga\u017em\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta, v\u010detn\u011b Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky, nejsou p\u0159edm\u011btem d\u016fsledn\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad b\u00fdv\u00e1 uv\u00e1d\u011bna situace ve Venezuele, kde maj\u00ed podle t\u011bchto tvrzen\u00ed z\u016fstat v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 zlo\u010diny bez potrest\u00e1n\u00ed. Souhrnn\u011b tyto v\u00fdhrady vedou k z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zce, zda je Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed trestn\u00ed soud schopen fungovat jako skute\u010dn\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00fd a legitimn\u00ed org\u00e1n glob\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnosti. Podle kritik\u016f sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav ohro\u017euje nejen d\u016fv\u011bru v samotnou instituci, ale i \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt na dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va postaven.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>V t\u00e9to souvislosti zazn\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00fdzvy k reform\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00edho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a politick\u00e9 proudy prosazuj\u00ed vznik multipol\u00e1rn\u00edho sv\u011bta, kter\u00fd by nebyl zalo\u017een na dominanci jedn\u00e9 skupiny zem\u00ed, ale na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rovnov\u00e1ze sil. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli by v tomto modelu m\u011bla sehr\u00e1t Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f jako univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed platforma pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch spor\u016f. Podle zast\u00e1nc\u016f tohoto p\u0159\u00edstupu je nutn\u00e9 omezit koncentraci rozhodovac\u00edch pravomoc\u00ed v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch instituc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako politicky z\u00e1visl\u00e9. Poukazuj\u00ed p\u0159itom na pot\u0159ebu pos\u00edlit transparentnost, odpov\u011bdnost a skute\u010dnou nez\u00e1vislost mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch soudn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, aby mohly plnit svou roli bez ohledu na tlak mocn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b obh\u00e1jci Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho trestn\u00edho soudu argumentuj\u00ed, \u017ee jeho mo\u017enosti jsou omezeny pr\u00e1vn\u00edm r\u00e1mcem a ochotou jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f spolupracovat. P\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed, \u017ee soud nem\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed donucovac\u00ed prost\u0159edky a je z\u00e1visl\u00fd na \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech p\u0159i zat\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00fdch osob i p\u0159i shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f. Podle nich je proto kritika \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0159ena sp\u00ed\u0161e na politickou realitu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f ne\u017e na samotnou instituci. Debata o roli a budoucnosti Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho trestn\u00edho soudu tak odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed spor o podobu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du. Ot\u00e1zka, zda m\u00e1 b\u00fdt glob\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnost prosazov\u00e1na v r\u00e1mci sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, nebo zda je nutn\u00e1 jeho z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159estavba, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 otev\u0159en\u00e1 a bude s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed pat\u0159it k hlavn\u00edm t\u00e9mat\u016fm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politiky v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech.<\/strong><br><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(za) Johann de Bruijn<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>HAAG\/NEW YORK \u2013 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed trestn\u00ed soud (MTS), kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 instituce glob\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnosti z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9ho statutu, \u010del\u00ed rostouc\u00ed kritice ze strany n\u011bkter\u00fdch&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":39709,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,7,1,580,2973],"tags":[46,78,508,2849,1684,9345,920,10,99,9346,1333,9348,9347,17,41],"class_list":["post-39708","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-neprehlednete","category-politika","category-tema","category-vyber-sefredaktora","category-zahranicni","tag-eu","tag-evropa","tag-haag","tag-latinska-amerika","tag-mezinarodni-trestni-soud","tag-mts","tag-new-york","tag-news","tag-gaza","tag-rimsky-status","tag-ruska-federace","tag-rusko-ukrajinsky-konflikt","tag-svetovy-rad","tag-top","tag-world"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39708","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39708"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39708\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40086,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39708\/revisions\/40086"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39708"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39708"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}