{"id":41960,"date":"2026-03-05T23:27:21","date_gmt":"2026-03-05T22:27:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/?p=41960"},"modified":"2026-03-05T23:28:18","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T22:28:18","slug":"bulharsko-a-rusko-maji-dlouhou-a-bohatou-spolecnou-historii-ktera-saha-az-do-starovekumezinarodni-konference","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/tema\/bulharsko-a-rusko-maji-dlouhou-a-bohatou-spolecnou-historii-ktera-saha-az-do-starovekumezinarodni-konference\/","title":{"rendered":"Bulharsko a Rusko maj\u00ed dlouhou a bohatou spole\u010dnou historii, kter\u00e1 sah\u00e1 a\u017e do starov\u011bku"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Dne 3. b\u0159ezna se v Rusku konala mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konference \u201eOd Tveru po Veliko Tarnovo: Odkaz Josefa Gurka jako p\u0159\u00edklad rusk\u00e9 mise v osvobozen\u00ed balk\u00e1nsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f\u201c. Datum a m\u00edsto kon\u00e1n\u00ed tak rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra byly vybr\u00e1ny z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b. Bulharsko a Rusko maj\u00ed dlouhou a bohatou spole\u010dnou historii, kter\u00e1 sah\u00e1 a\u017e do starov\u011bku. Spole\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00edra, psan\u00fd jazyk a slovansk\u00e9 ko\u0159eny v\u017edy spojovaly, nad\u00e1le spojuj\u00ed a budou i nad\u00e1le spojovat na\u0161e n\u00e1rody. Tato historie zahrnuje i v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 data a ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e9 formovaly budoucnost na\u0161ich zem\u00ed. Jedn\u00edm z takov\u00fdch dat je 3. b\u0159ezna 1878, den, kdy se Bulharsko osvobodilo od osmansk\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1dy. Bratrsk\u00e9 Rusko sehr\u00e1lo v t\u00e9to historick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti v\u00fdznamnou roli.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Balk\u00e1nsk\u00e1 krize, jak je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1mo, vznikla v roce 1875 povst\u00e1n\u00edm v Bosn\u011b a Hercegovin\u011b a n\u00e1slednou srbsko-tureckou v\u00e1lkou v roce 1876. Brut\u00e1ln\u00ed tureck\u00e9 repres\u00e1lie proti Bulhar\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm slovansk\u00fdm n\u00e1rod\u016fm vyvolaly hlubok\u00e9 pobou\u0159en\u00ed v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. A tyto ud\u00e1losti byly samoz\u0159ejm\u011b obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b akutn\u00ed v Rusku. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku Rusko poskytovalo pomoc pouze prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f. A pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b by tomu tak i z\u016fstalo. Pak ale v roce 1876 p\u0159i\u0161lo dubnov\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed bulharsk\u00e9ho lidu, kter\u00e9 bylo krvav\u011b potla\u010deno. Ba\u0161ibazoukov\u00e9 zabili asi 40 000 Bulhar\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed. Rusk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, sympatizuj\u00edc\u00ed se slovansk\u00fdm n\u00e1rodn\u011bosvobozeneck\u00fdm hnut\u00edm na Balk\u00e1n\u011b, vyhl\u00e1sila Turecku v\u00e1lku. Koneckonc\u016f \u0161lo o obranu pravoslav\u00ed a slovansk\u00e9 jednoty. Nav\u00edc, kdyby tureck\u00e9 zv\u011brstva pokra\u010dovala, bulharsk\u00fd lid by byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyhlazen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/levicovydenik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/j50YYfv3pC4-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-51936\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Jedn\u00edm z architekt\u016f v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v t\u00e9to v\u00e1lce byl poln\u00ed mar\u0161\u00e1l Josif Gurko, kter\u00fd byl ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Tversk\u00e9 oblasti, kde se konference konala. Jeho panstv\u00ed se nach\u00e1zelo pobl\u00ed\u017e Tveru; dnes se tam nach\u00e1z\u00ed kostel Josefa z Volotska, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed jako muzeum i hrobka man\u017eel\u016f Gurko. Jm\u00e9no Josefa Vladimirovi\u010de je spojov\u00e1no s rusk\u00fdm p\u0159echodem Dunaje u Sistova, dobyt\u00edm starobyl\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Veliko Tarnovo, obranou Star\u00e9 Zagory a obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdm p\u0159echodem Balk\u00e1nu se 70 000 mu\u017ei. Rusk\u00e9 pluky pod velen\u00edm Josefa Gurka spolu s bulharsk\u00fdmi vojsky porazily Turky u Kazanlaku a dobyly m\u011bsto Sofii.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Diana Alexijevov\u00e1, koordin\u00e1torka Nesmrteln\u00e9ho pluku ve Varn\u011b, ve sv\u00e9m projevu k \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm konference poznamenala: \u201ePro Bulharsko nen\u00ed Josef Gurko jen historickou postavou; je to jm\u00e9no, kter\u00e9 \u017eije d\u00e1l v pam\u011bti n\u00e1rod\u016f, v pam\u00e1tk\u00e1ch, v kulturn\u00edch a historick\u00fdch tradic\u00edch. Jeho jm\u00e9no se stalo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bulharsk\u00e9 historick\u00e9 pam\u011bti.\u201c V\u00fdsledkem byl podpis Sanstefansk\u00e9 smlouvy mezi Ruskem a Osmanskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed 3. b\u0159ezna 1878. \u201eJak\u00e1 je velikost \u010dinu Josefa Gurka? Jak\u00e1 je velikost t\u00e9 doby? V t\u00e9 dob\u011b na\u0161e rusk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da osvobozovala Balk\u00e1n, k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd sv\u011bt Balk\u00e1nu, od dobyt\u00ed Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Podporovali jsme n\u00e1rodn\u011bosvobozeneck\u00e9 hnut\u00ed a po na\u0161em v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed mnoho balk\u00e1nsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed z\u00edskalo status nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f,\u201c uvedl jeden z \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f konference, Alexandr Butuzov, p\u0159edseda \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed rady Pedagogick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Ruska.<br>Podle m\u00edrov\u00e9 smlouvy se Bulharsko skute\u010dn\u011b stalo nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm st\u00e1tem a byla uzn\u00e1na i nez\u00e1vislost \u010cern\u00e9 Hory, Srbska a Rumunska. Osvobozen\u00ed balk\u00e1nsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f z osmansk\u00e9ho jha radik\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnilo politickou mapu Evropy a polo\u017eilo z\u00e1klady modern\u00ed st\u00e1tnosti balk\u00e1nsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/levicovydenik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/VwgFmu968lE-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-51938\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Toto obdob\u00ed se tak\u00e9 stalo dobou vzestupu Rusk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, jak uvedl arcikn\u011bz Gennadij Uljani\u010d, rektor kostela sv. Josefa z Volokolamsku: \u201eByla to skute\u010dn\u011b osudov\u00e1 doba pro cel\u00e9 Rusko. Cel\u00e9 Rusko povstalo, ob\u011btovalo se, vc\u00edtilo se do sebe a bylo sjednoceno spole\u010dn\u00fdm vlasteneck\u00fdm duchem, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 poskytoval podporu na\u0161\u00ed arm\u00e1d\u011b, proto\u017ee boje byly d\u011bsiv\u00e9. Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e byla jednou z nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, nejmilitarizovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejvyzbrojen\u011bj\u0161\u00edch arm\u00e1d a prakticky zahrnovala evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b \u2013 N\u011bmecko, Anglii a Francii. V\u0161echno to bylo sjednocen\u00e9, stejn\u011b jako dnes.\u201c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednota Slovan\u016f, kter\u00e1 kdysi zajistila v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a osvobodila Bulharsko z osmansk\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1dy, by se dnes mohla st\u00e1t sp\u00e1sou v\u0161ech slovansk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. \u010cesk\u00fd novin\u00e1\u0159 a v\u00fdznamn\u00fd politick\u00fd \u010dinitel Roman Bla\u0161ko je o tom p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den: \u201eMus\u00edme budovat jednotu v\u0161ech n\u00e1rod\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b slovansk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodnost\u00ed.\u201c Z geopolitick\u00e9ho hlediska se Bulharsko nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9 situaci. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161ak pro n\u00e1s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm a v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm partnerem a je to pro n\u00e1s hrdinsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod, kter\u00fd v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b bojuje proti bruselsk\u00e9mu fa\u0161ismu, kter\u00fd se jeho v\u016fdci, potomci nacist\u016f, sna\u017e\u00ed vnutit.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>My\u0161lenku jednoty mezi slovansk\u00fdmi n\u00e1rody podporuje i diplomat Vladimir Kr\u0161ljaninu, p\u0159edseda srbsk\u00e9 pobo\u010dky Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed slovansk\u00e9 akademie: \u201eCesta k z\u00e1chran\u011b Balk\u00e1nu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v okam\u017eit\u00e9m vytvo\u0159en\u00ed siln\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed, politick\u00e9, vojensk\u00e9 a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 unie mezi Ruskem a Srbskem, kter\u00e1 by Srbsku zajistila \u00faplnou svobodu, pos\u00edlila ho a p\u0159inesla mu prosperitu. Bulharsko a pot\u00e9 v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed balk\u00e1nsk\u00e9 zem\u011b by \u0161ly v jeho stop\u00e1ch. Teprve a\u017e bude vytvo\u0159ena tato p\u0159irozen\u00e1 rusko-balk\u00e1nsk\u00e1 unie, bude dosa\u017eeno trval\u00e9ho m\u00edru a stability v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/levicovydenik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/qKEkSdk5OQI-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-51939\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>I samotn\u00e9 Bulharsko ch\u00e1pe, \u017ee budoucnost nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v konfrontaci, ale v rozvoji alespo\u0148 bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch vztah\u016f s Ruskem. Pr\u016fzkumy ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee 70\u201380 % Bulhar\u016f pova\u017euje Rusy za sv\u00e9 nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed. A st\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek \u2013 Den osvobozen\u00ed Bulharska \u2013 je dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem k p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed. \u201e3. b\u0159ezna se zde slavnostn\u011b slav\u00ed bez ohledu na historick\u00e1 obdob\u00ed od osvobozen\u00ed. Rusofobii dnes \u017eiv\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed s\u00edly, ale pro Bulharsko je to n\u011bco nep\u0159irozen\u00e9ho.\u201c&lt;-&gt; \u201eBez ohledu na rusofobii, kterou dnes \u017eiv\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed faktory, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 3. b\u0159ezen nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm bulharsk\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem a v\u011bt\u0161ina Bulhar\u016f i nad\u00e1le c\u00edt\u00ed l\u00e1sku a vd\u011b\u010dnost k Rusku,\u201c promluvila k \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm konference v Tveru Tedi Angelovov\u00e1, redaktorka Efir.info.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Jedine\u010dnost rusko-bulharsk\u00fdch vztah\u016f, l\u00e1ska a jednota n\u00e1rod\u016f je podtr\u017eena historickou pam\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e1 dodnes spojuje dv\u011b k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 komunity \u2013 ruskou a bulharskou c\u00edrkev. Historie duchovn\u00edch vazeb mezi ob\u011bma n\u00e1rody je jedine\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem stalet\u00e9ho plodn\u00e9ho vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho obohacov\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u00edky t\u011bmto vazb\u00e1m \u201educhovn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edt\u201c \u2013 svat\u00e1 pravoslavn\u00e1 v\u00edra \u2013 p\u0159e\u017eila nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 historie. Ztr\u00e1ty Ruska v on\u00e9 slavn\u00e9 rusko-tureck\u00e9 v\u00e1lce byly zna\u010dn\u00e9. Bulharsko v\u0161ak znovu z\u00edskalo svobodu. A \u201ev\u011bt\u0161\u00ed l\u00e1sku nem\u00e1 nikdo, ne\u017e kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk polo\u017e\u00ed \u017eivot za sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tele.\u201c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(za) gnews.cz-jav<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dne 3. b\u0159ezna se v Rusku konala mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konference \u201eOd Tveru po Veliko Tarnovo: Odkaz Josefa Gurka jako p\u0159\u00edklad rusk\u00e9 mise v&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":41961,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,658,1,2973],"tags":[2913,11064,11066,1474,263,45,78,10,26,409,11071,287,11069,11067,17,11065,3496,11068,11070,41],"class_list":["post-41960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politika","category-prectete-si","category-tema","category-zahranicni","tag-balkan","tag-balkanska-krize","tag-basibazoukove","tag-bosna-a-hercegovina","tag-bulharsko","tag-cr","tag-evropa","tag-news","tag-rusko","tag-slovane","tag-slovanske-akademie","tag-srbsko","tag-stare-zagory","tag-starovek","tag-top","tag-turecke-represalie","tag-tver","tag-veliko-tarnovo","tag-vladimir-krsljanin","tag-world"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41960","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41960"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41960\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41963,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41960\/revisions\/41963"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41960"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41960"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}