Zhou Shangjun
08:15, 15 April 2024
Source : Guangming Daily
Institutional advantage is a country's greatest advantage, and institutional competition is the most fundamental competition among countries. On April 15, 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping creatively put forward the overall concept of national security at the first meeting of the Central Committee for National Security, which provides the basic guidance for building the national security system. In the past ten years, we have adhered to the centralized and unified guidance of the CPC Central Committee over the work of national security, adhered to the overall concept of national security, and in the course of practical exploration, we have gradually built a systematic, complete, scientific, standardized and effective national security system, while the upgrading of the national security system and capabilities have steadily increased. Based on the four dimensions of the national security system, namely, strategic ideology, leadership system, operation mode and human resources guarantee, we can deeply appreciate the political awareness and practical achievements we have made in realizing the overall national security concept over the past 10 years.
- Strategic thinking
From the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In response to the development tendencies of the times and from the strategic height of adherence to and development of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, headed by Comrade Xi Jinping, has combined the Marxist theory of national security with contemporary Chinese security practice and excellent traditional Chinese strategic culture and creatively put forward the overall concept of national security, which systematically answered the question of how to solve the common problems faced by large countries in the process of development as socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era. It systematically answered the question of how to solve the common security problems faced by large countries in the process of development and how to deal with the special security problems faced by them at the critical stage of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The overall concept of national security is rich in connotations, profound in thought, rigorous in logic and complete in system, and is the first major strategic idea in the Party's history to be set as the guiding principle for national security work, signaling that the Party's understanding of the basic laws of national security has reached a new level.
On the one hand, the overall concept of national security emphasizes the application of systematic science, systematic thinking and systematic methods in the study and solution of national security issues, and calls for the integration of external and internal security, internal security and national security, traditional and non-traditional security, and homeland and common security, as well as the integrated maintenance and formation of national security. National security is not merely a superposition of security in different domains, but a coherent system that interacts and transcends them. The overall concept of national security emphasizes the importance of combining the powerful synergy of the Party, the government, the military, the people and the academia on all fronts and the whole society, the whole government, the whole system and all means to address the major risks and challenges of national security, reflecting the deepening, broadening and sublimation of the understanding of the regularity of the work of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at the head, and embodying the distinctive features of the fusion of theory and practice and the unification of epistemology and methodology. In building the national security system, it has demonstrated the strong power of truth and unique ideological charm.
On the other hand, under the guidance of the overall concept of national security, the National Security Law scientifically defines the connotation of national security in the new era, namely that "national security means the state power, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the state, the welfare of the people, sustainable economic and social development of the economy and other major interests of the country that are relatively free from dangers and internal and external threats, as well as the ability to ensure a state of permanent security". ". This definition fully integrates the cognitive aspects of national interests, the internal and external environment of the country and international politics, and clearly states that the essence of ensuring national security is to ensure the security of the country's core interests and vital interests, reflecting the requirement of taking people's security as the goal, political security as the foundation, economic security as the foundation, military, scientific, technological, cultural and social security, and the promotion of international security as the foundation; and clearly says that national security includes both national security and the ability to maintain national security, covering traditional security areas such as political security, military security, internal security, economic security, financial security, cultural security, social security, scientific and technological security, network security, food security, environmental security, resource security, nuclear security, security of interests abroad, space security, deep-sea security, polar security, biosecurity, artificial intelligence security, data security, etc. non-traditional areas of security. The richness and breadth of the concept of national security is reflected in all aspects of national security system construction. For example, greater emphasis is placed on synergy and efficiency and on promoting mutual support, coordination and organic unity of the national security rule of law system, the strategy system, the policy system, the risk monitoring and early warning system and the crisis management system.
- Management structure
The biggest advantage of a socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and adherence to the absolute leadership of the CPC is a basic principle for good national security work. Political security is the foundation of national security, and the core of political security is regime and institutional security, the most essential of which is to ensure the leadership and management of the CCP and the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. Over the past ten years, the Party leadership system for national security work has been constantly improved, the centralized, unified, effective and authoritative national security leadership system has become more mature and solid, national security work has been comprehensively strengthened, and the overall initiative to safeguard national security has been firmly grasped.
In order to do national security work well in the new era, the Party must make full use of its central role in managing the overall situation and coordinating all parties, and establish a system and working model that implements the Party's leadership vertically to the end, horizontally to the edge, and comprehensively covers all aspects of the country. From 18. National Congress of the CCP, the Party, under the strong leadership of the CCP Central Committee headed by Comrade Xi Jinping, has been pushing forward the national security work from decentralized to centralized, from slow to effective, and from reactive to reactive, by constantly strengthening the top-level design, overall arrangement, coordination, overall promotion, and focusing on key areas of work, by continuously improving leadership mechanisms such as democratic and scientific decision-making mechanisms, democratic consultation mechanisms, and mechanisms for requesting guidance and reports, as well as improving the ways in which the Party leads under centralized authority, directly directs and supervises the work of the CCP of China. The work of national security has undergone a historic transformation from decentralized to centralized, from slow to efficient, and from reactive to proactive.
The leadership of national security work aside, the party has become stronger. The Central Committee for National Security (CNSC), established after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, serves as the decision-making, advisory and coordinating body of the CPC Central Committee for national security work, and is responsible to the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee for the overall coordination of major issues and important work related to national security. The establishment of this organ is a major innovation of the Party and the State in building the national security system, and plays a very important role in improving the national security system and enhancing national security capability. Since its establishment, the Central Committee for National Security, in accordance with the requirements of the overall concept of national security, has coordinated national security activities, established the main framework of the national security system, formed the theoretical system of national security, perfected the national security strategy system, and established a mechanism for coordinating national security activities and managing emergency response, thus providing a firm guarantee for better, more efficient, fairer, more sustainable and safer development.
At the same time, the rule of law system, within which the Party manages the work of national security, has become more systematic and complete. Articles 4 and 5 of the Law on National Security clearly set out the institutional mechanism of the Party's leadership of national security work, the powers and duties of the central organs in charge of national security, and the tasks and objectives of promoting the rule of law in national security. Provisions on the system of responsibility of Party committees (Party groups) for national security clearly define the main responsibility of Party committees (Party groups) at all levels for ensuring national security, thus creating a strong synergy for national security. The Regulations on the Leadership of the Communist Party of China in National Security Work have systematically and thoroughly answered a number of major questions on who, what and how to lead national security, and institutionally strengthened the absolute leadership of the Party in national security work.
- Mode of operation
Modernization of the national security system and capabilities is a concentrated manifestation of the national security system and its implementation capabilities. At the first meeting of the 20th National Security Central Committee, it was pointed out that "we should speed up the modernization of the national security system and capabilities, emphasize the distinct orientation of actual combat and practicality, pay more attention to synergy and efficiency, rule of law thinking, scientific and technological strengthening and grassroots foundation, and push forward the organic connection and integration of all aspects of construction." In the past ten years, China has built the framework of the core national security system, established a comprehensive national security system based on the rule of law, a strategic system, a political system, a risk monitoring and early warning system, and a national emergency management system, and further strengthened the synergy and implementation of the sub-systems of the national security system.
The rule of law system, the strategic system and the political system of national security have become more complete. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, more than 20 national security laws have been passed, including the National Intelligence Law, the Anti-Terrorism Law, the Cybersecurity Law, the Data Security Law, the Biosecurity Law, the Nuclear Security Law, the Export Control Law, the Anti-Spyware Law, the Foreign Sanctions Law, and the Law on the Administration of Foreign NGO Activities in the Country; and more than 110 laws and regulations containing national security provisions have been formulated and revised. A structured system consisting of the Constitution, the Basic Law on National Security, specialized legislation in specific areas of national security, and national security provisions in other laws and regulations has been established, and the system of laws and institutions relating to national security is becoming more complete. At the same time, the system of national security work is continuously improving and is integrated, coordinated and effective; the three-dimensional and effective protection system that links all areas of national security is continuously improving; the national security law enforcement and justice system is functioning at a high level of quality; and the capacity to ensure the rule of law in the area of national security and its implementation is being effectively strengthened.
Preparedness is a common practice for the country. Only when national security work is anticipated and addressed before it is too late can we always take the strategic initiative. The establishment of a national security risk monitoring and early warning system and a national crisis management system, which are based on the premise of identifying the source of the risk, assessing its nature, analysing its causes and predicting its trend, will contribute to improving the effectiveness of emergency response, early warning and the development of plans for possible tendency, prevention and control of the main security risks in the area, prevention of overlapping and resonance of security risks in different areas, establishment and improvement of the basic mechanism for emergency and crisis management, and building a framework for large-scale security and large-scale emergency response. Establishing a reliable basic mechanism for emergency and crisis response and building a framework for major security and emergency response will help to improve the ability to respond effectively to emergencies and crises. The Report of the 18th National Congress of the CPC China proposes to "establish and improve the risk assessment mechanism for social stability in making major decisions", the Report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC China calls for "improving the risk prevention and control mechanism in all aspects", and the Report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC China emphasizes the improvement of "risk monitoring and early warning system". The report of the 20th Party Congress emphasizes the improvement of the "risk monitoring and early warning system". The First Session of the Twentieth National Security Central Committee stressed that "the new security model should be used to ensure a new development model" and that "we should improve the comprehensive system for dealing with national security risks with real-time monitoring and early warning and a good combination of strikes". At the same time, the national emergency management system is increasingly being improved. In 2018, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a program to deepen the reform of Party and state institutions, proposing that "in order to prevent and deal with major security risks, improve the public security system, integrate and optimize emergency response forces and resources, and promote the establishment of an emergency response system with Chinese characteristics that is unified in command, specialized in both permanent and permanent, prompt, up and down, and combined with level and combat In 2022, the State Council issued the National Emergency Response System Plan for the 14th Five-Year Plan, which clarifies the overall goals, objectives, risk prevention and mitigation, and construction of the emergency management system. In 2022, the State Council issued the National Emergency Response System Plan for the 14th Five-Year Plan, which clarifies the overall goals, objectives, prevention and mitigation of risks, construction of emergency response forces and rescue systems, and construction of emergency response and security capabilities, and promotes the establishment of an emergency response management system that is unified in command, specialized, responsive, and linked up and down.
- Talent security
The ancients used to say, "Get their people and not their law, then things won't work; get their law and not their people, then the law won't be able to help. People and law and capital, and government to the world." The quality of the national security system cannot be separated from the quality of the national security cadre. The national security cadre is an important force for safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests, and plays an important role in defending socialist state power, maintaining social peace and stability, and protecting people's lives and property. Building a high-quality national security cadre that is virtuous and talented is an important element in promoting the upgrading of national security capabilities and is the basic guarantee of the national security system.
Strengthen national security cadre building. In order to build an indestructible national security cadre, it is necessary to strengthen the Party's construction of the national security system, strengthen the coordination and permeate the Party leadership with all aspects and processes of national security work, and continuously improve the Party's ability and confidence to steer the direction, plan the overall situation, formulate policies, and push through reforms. It also strengthened the capacity building of national security cadres, emphasized their practical, pragmatic and effective orientation, and comprehensively enhanced their ability to implement laws and policies, prevent and control risks, work with the masses, apply science and technology, and manage public opinion. It also insists on combining strict management with generous charity and giving equal weight to incentives and constraints, and applies strict management of cadres in the whole process of building national security cadres to create a good ecological environment of cleanliness and justice and a favorable environment for business.
William SHAKESPEARE Strengthening national security education: in 2018, the Ministry of Education issued the "Implementing Opinions on Strengthening National Security Education at Universities, Secondary Schools and Primary Schools", in which it explicitly proposed the establishment of a first degree in national security science. In order to consolidate the scientific research and training of talents in the field of national security, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Ministry of Education formally established the first-level national security science field under the category of interdisciplinary disciplines in 2020, and Peking University, Tsinghua University and Southwest University of Political Science and Law became the first group of authorization sites of doctoral study for the first-level national security science field. In 2023, the Central Committee for National Security deliberated and adopted the Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening National Security Education, which made special dedication to comprehensively strengthening national security education. In this context, the basic theoretical research on national security should be strengthened to promote the establishment of a perfect disciplinary system, academic system and discourse system of national security with Chinese characteristics in national security ideology and theory, national security strategy, national security management and national security technology, and organize the preparation of basic teaching materials for national security, Strengthen the construction of national security faculty and build a team of teachers with firm political stance, profound theoretical skills and knowledge of Chinese culture, Also strengthen the construction of national security teaching staff, form a team of high-level national security experts with firm political stance, profound theoretical skills and knowledge of Chinese national conditions to lay a solid foundation for the cultivation of high-level national security talents and comprehensive capabilities.
(Author: Zhou Shangjun, Professor, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Special Research Fellow, Xi Jinping Institute of the Rule of Law, Chongqing)
Huang Jin, Wan Peng/gnews.cz-JaV
http://theory.people.com.cn/n1/2024/0415/c40531-40216028.html
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