According to the Nature Index 2026 Research Leaders ranking, which was published on Wednesday, China remains the largest contributor globally in the field of high-quality scientific research.
The latest ranking showed that China's scientific output increased by 22.4 percent between 2024 and 2025. China is the only country in the global top ten to have achieved double-digit growth.
The United States ranked second, followed by Germany.
Of the seven main subject areas tracked by the index, China ranked first in the physical sciences, chemistry, biological sciences, applied sciences, and Earth and environmental sciences. The United States led in health sciences and social sciences.
The Chinese Academy of Sciences maintained its position as the top research institution globally, ranking first in all subject areas except for health sciences and social sciences. Nine Chinese institutions appeared in the global top ten, compared to eight in the previous edition.
The Nature Index, which measures high-quality scientific output based on publications in leading international journals, has expanded its coverage this year to include 17 journals in the applied sciences, one conference, and 15 journals in the social sciences.
"With its expanded subject coverage and refined methodology, the Nature Index now provides a more comprehensive and accurate view of high-quality scientific output," said Simon Baker, editor-in-chief of the Nature Index.
"In terms of results, we continue to see exceptionally strong performance from China," he added.
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